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641 Featured Specimen
Brown pelican

Details

Brown pelican

Pelecanus occidentalis

Size
1–1.4 m · 2–5 kg
Diet
Carnivore
Activity
Diurnal
Sociality
Herd
Lifespan

A coastal pelican of the Americas, famous for folding its wings and plunge-diving from the air to catch fish.

Range

Habitat range map
Native range Occasional / Transient
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Map: Ecoregions 2017 © RESOLVE (CC BY 4.0) · Natural Earth (PD)

Details

Habitat

Lives along coasts, bays, mangroves, and harbors from North America to northern South America, mostly in nearshore waters.

Appearance

The body is brown to gray-brown, with a long bill and large pouch. Adult head and neck colors change with season.

Behavior

It flies low over the sea and dives steeply onto fish schools, then rests in groups on posts, rocks, or beaches.

Feeding

Small schooling fish such as sardines and anchovies dominate its diet. It scoops water and fish, then drains water before swallowing.

Reproduction

Colonies nest on islands or in mangroves. Adults feed chicks by regurgitating fish from the pouch.

Notes

Its recovery from DDT impacts is a classic conservation success, but nesting sites and coastal fish stocks remain important.