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731 Featured Specimen
Brown rat

Details

Brown rat

Rattus norvegicus

Size
32–50 cm · 150–500 g
Diet
Omnivore
Activity
Nocturnal
Sociality
Herd
Lifespan

A large rat established around cities and waterways, with a sturdy body, relatively short tail, and small ears.

Range

Habitat range map
Native range Occasional / Transient
PalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticPalearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNearcticNeotropicalNeotropicalNeotropicalNeotropicalNeotropicalNeotropicalNeotropicalNeotropicalAfrotropicalAfrotropicalAfrotropicalAfrotropicalIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanIndomalayanAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasianAustralasian

Map: Ecoregions 2017 © RESOLVE (CC BY 4.0) · Natural Earth (PD)

Details

Habitat

Found in towns, farms, riversides, ports, sewers, and coasts, especially where damp cover and human food are available.

Appearance

Fur is brown to gray-brown, the scaly tail is shorter than head and body, and the ears are relatively small. The body is robust.

Behavior

Mostly nocturnal, it uses burrows and building cavities as bases for group living. It is wary and follows repeated runways.

Feeding

Grain, fruit, meat, fish, eggs, and refuse are eaten; near water it also takes mollusks and small animals.

Reproduction

Large litters are born in hidden nests, and breeding can continue year-round where food is abundant. Young mature quickly.

Notes

Globally low-risk; introduced populations are important targets for sanitation, crop protection, and island conservation.